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学习Python3爬虫实战:爬取大众点评网某地区所有酒店相关信息,我爬取的北京地区的酒店,由于网站更新,原文中的一些方法已经不再适用,我的工作是在该文指导下重写了一个爬虫。
爬虫无非分为这几块:分析目标、下载页面、解析页面、存储内容,其中下载页面不提。
分析目标:如Python3爬虫实战:爬取大众点评网某地区所有酒店相关信息,目的是爬取所有酒店的用户评分信息解析页面:使用正则表达式和BeautifulSoup两种方式,一般情况都可以使用正则表达式,除非需要分辨特定用户的评论。存储内容:酒店信息(id和名称)存储在“hotel_dianping.txt”中,酒店的评分信息存储在“id_name+comments.txt”中
Talk is cheap, show me the code.
#coding=utf-8import reimport requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupaim_url = "http://www.dianping.com/beijing/hotel"basic_url = "http://www.dianping.com"hotel_file = "hotel_dianping.txt"def download_page(url): # 伪装请求头部 # 有了Cookie不怕不让爬 headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.101 Safari/537.36", "Cookie":"_lxsdk_cuid=15eea339434c8-0d2cff6b34e61c-c313760-100200-15eea339434c8; _lxsdk=15eea339434c8-0d2cff6b34e61c-c313760-100200-15eea339434c8; _hc.v=cec4c6d7-039d-1717-70c0-4234813c6e90.1507167802;\ s_ViewType=1; __mta=218584358.1507168277959.1507176075960.1507176126471.5; JSESSIONID=48C46DCEFE3A390F647F52FED889020D; aburl=1; cy=2; cye=beijing; _lxsdk_s=15eea9307ab-17c-f87-123%7C%7C48", "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8", "Host":"www.dianping.com" } data = requests.get(url, headers=headers).content # 转换编码 data = data.decode("utf-8") return data# 获取并存储酒店信息(id, name)def getHotelInfo(hotel_file): # 网站上显示酒店页面有50页,事实上,只能爬取13页,之后的页面为空 for i in range(1, 51): page = download_page(aim_url) # 如:"action": "click","content":"/shop/8025450","title":"速8酒店" re_result = re.compile(r""action": "click","content":"(.*?)","title":"(.*?)"").findall(page) txt = "" for x in re_result: txt += x[0] # /shop/(/d)+格式 txt += " " + x[1] # 酒店名称 txt += "\n" writeToFile(hotel_file, txt) print("第%d页OK....." % i) i += 1 # 下一页的网址 aim_url = "http://www.dianping.com/beijing/hotel/p" + str(i)# 往文件中写contentdef writeToFile(file_name, content): with open(file_name, "a+", encoding="utf-8") as fp: fp.write(content)# 获取每个评论页的所有评论def getScore(page): # 对于评分需要使用BeautifulSoup,直接使用正则表达式无法判断数据是哪个用户的 score_list = [] soup = BeautifulSoup(page, "html.parser") comment_rst_list = soup.find_all("div", attrs = {"class": "comment-rst"}) # 对于各个用户的评论 for comment_rst in comment_rst_list: rst_list = comment_rst.find_all("span", attrs={"class": "rst"}) # 记录某个用户的各项评分,默认为零,前五项分别是房间、位置、服务、卫生和设施,最后一项为冗余项。 single_score_dic = {0:0, 1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4:0, 5:0} # 对于各个类型的评论 for rst in rst_list: comment = rst.getText() type_ = comment[:2] score = comment[2] if type_ == "房间": single_score_dic[0] = score elif type_ == "位置": single_score_dic[1] = score elif type_ == "服务": single_score_dic[2] = score elif type_ == "卫生": single_score_dic[3] = score elif type_ == "设施": single_score_dic[4] = score else: single_score_dic[5] = score score_list.append(single_score_dic) return score_list# 中文字符和英文、数字占用的空间不同,为了输出显示友好,user_name不能简单的以%30s格式输出def setProperFormat(user_name): re_result = re.compile(r"(\d|[A-Z]|[a-z]|\_)").findall(user_name) len_eng = len(re_result) total_len = len(user_name) len_cha = total_len - len_eng real_len = len_eng + len_cha * 2 blank_len = 30 - real_len txt = "%s" % (" " * blank_len + user_name) return txt# 获取每一条评论def getEveryComment(hotel_file): # 打开hotel_file文件 with open(hotel_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp: num_hotel = 1 # 对于每家酒店 for line in fp: # 获取酒店url, id和name hotel_url = line.split(" ")[0] hotel_name = line.split(" ")[1][:-1] # 去掉最后的"\n" hotel_id = hotel_url.split("/")[2] # 设置存储用户评论的文件的文件名 store_file = "%s_%scomments.txt" % (hotel_id, hotel_name) # 存入header txt = "%12s%12s%30s%15s%15s%15s%15s%15s%15s\n" % ("hotel_id", "user_id", "user_name", "rate_room", "rate_position", "rate_service", "rate_health", "rate_facility", "rate_others") writeToFile(store_file, txt) # 获取评论页url business_url = basic_url + hotel_url + "/review_more" page = download_page(business_url) # 计算出评论页数 total_comments = re.compile(r"全部\((\d+)\)", re.DOTALL).findall(page) print(total_comments) pages = int(int(total_comments[0]) / 20) + 1 # 对于每一页的评论 for n in range(1, pages+1): comment_url = business_url + "?pageno=%s" % n print(comment_url) page = download_page(comment_url) # 如:HpointK # (id, userName) user_info = re.compile(r"(.*?)", re.DOTALL).findall(page) score_list = getScore(page) txt = "" try: for i, info in enumerate(user_info): txt += "%12s%12s" % (hotel_id, info[0]) txt += setProperFormat(info[1]) txt += "%15s%15s%15s%15s%15s%15s\n" % (score_list[i][0], score_list[i][1], score_list[i][2], score_list[i][3], score_list[i][4], score_list[i][5]) except Exception as e: print(e) print(len(user_info)) break # 每次往文件中写网页中的评论 writeToFile(store_file, txt) print("第%d页已存储,共%d页" % (n, pages)) break print("第%s家酒店的评论已存储", num_hotel) num_hotel += 1 breakgetHotelInfo(hotel_file)getEveryComment(hotel_file)